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French battleship Liberté : ウィキペディア英語版 | French battleship Liberté
''Liberté'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy, and the lead ship of her class. She was laid down in November 1902, launched in April 1905, and completed in March 1908, over a year after the revolutionary British battleship made ships like ''Liberté'' obsolete. After her commissioning, ''Liberté'' was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet. She served for only three and a half years; while moored in Toulon in September 1911, an explosion of badly degraded propellant charges detonated the forward ammunition magazines. Some 250 officers and men were killed, and the ship was totally destroyed. The wreck remained in the harbor until 1925, when it was raised and broken up for scrap. ==Design== (詳細はlaid down at the ''Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire'' shipyard in November 1902, launched on 19 April 1905, and completed in March 1908.〔Gardiner, p. 297〕 This was over a year after the revolutionary British battleship , which rendered the pre-dreadnoughts like ''Liberté'' outdated before they were completed.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 21〕 The ship was long between perpendiculars and had a beam of and a full-load draft of . She displaced up to at full load. She had a crew of between 739 and 769 officers and enlisted men. The battleship was powered by three vertical triple-expansion steam engines with twenty-two Belleville boilers. They were rated at and provided a top speed of . Coal storage amounted to .〔 ''Liberté''s main battery consisted of four Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 guns mounted in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of ten Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1902 guns; six were mounted in single turrets, and four in casemates in the hull. She also carried thirteen 9-pounder guns and ten 3-pounders. The ship was also armed with two torpedo tubes submerged in the hull. The ship's main belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower had thick sides.〔
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